President Ronald Reagan was the Great Communicator

Ronald Reagan â€Å"Great Communicator† was born on February 6th, 1911. He is considered by many to be the most successful president after FDR. He enjoyed many careers including lifeguard, movie star, union leader, and politician. He held office from January 1981 to January 1989. Never in history has there been a president with his kind of background. Reagan saw America as a good place he believed in balanced budgets but never submitted one. He hated nuclear weapons but built so many. He would wright checks to poor people but cut benefits from many billionaires. He united the nation with patriotism. But his vision of America pushed away many people. Reagan led a revolution based on a few simple ideas. As president he made America a better place. When Reagan took office in 1981 many people wondered if anyone could run the country because it was in poverty. Reagan’s staff warned him that his first year could go bad. His mission as president was to help rebuild America before it was too late to do so. Reagan’s main focus was on economic recovery. On February 18th he gave congress an economic program to cut taxes by 30%. Reagan’s best weapon was persuasion. By March 2/3 of Americans favored is program especially the tax cut. But some people did not like this idea so one day he was walking to his limo after a meeting and was shot but not killed surprisingly. Reagan was not scared of the Soviet Union so he wanted a military to confront them. The pentagon spent over 3.4 million dollarsShow MoreRelatedRhetorical Analysis: Rhetorical Analysis:1723 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Rhetorical Analysis: President Ronald Reagan s Farwell Address Rhetorical Analysis: Reagan s Farwell Address Ronald Reagan s Farewell Address was an amazing example of conveying the fundamentals for freedom through an emotional and visual lesson. 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Worst Communicators967 Words   |  4 PagesBest vs. Worst Communicators Throughout history the careers of prominent men and women have been elevated or destroyed by the way they communicate a message to their particular audience. Looking at the best versus worst communicators two people come to mind, former United States President Ronald Reagan and the former Chief Executive Officer of British Petroleum (BP) Tony Hayward, respectively. Both of these men exhibited certain attributes that affected the way that audiences received the messagesRead MoreRonald Reagan Leadership808 Words   |  4 Pagestrait approach. Also known as great man theories, it was developed to explain how traits influenced leadership. This theory suggested that certain people were born with special traits that made them great leaders. (Bass,1990; Jago,1982). For this applied leadership mini paper I chose Ronald Reagan as my leader. Through this paper I would like to enlighten how the Trait approach theory helps me to analyze him as a successful leader. â€Å"In his lifetime, Ronald Reagan was such a cheerful and invigoratingRead MoreTools for Analyzing Dimensions of Language and Persuasive Symbols1317 Words   |  5 Pagessimultaneously. There are many tools for analyzing persuasive symbols, many of which should be utilized when analyzing great communicators such as President Ronald Reagan. In response to the Space Shuttle Challenger explosion on January 28th, 1986 where seven brave American’s gave their life. President Ronald Reagan made history with his famous speech, which didn’t only serve to address the great tragedy but served as a focal point of comfort for the grieving nation. He commemorated the seven heroes whoRead MoreRonald Reagan Is The Most Influential Man Of The United States1370 Words   |  6 Pagesfailure of the presidency of Jimmy Carter. The U.S. economy is in the worst state it has been in since the Great Depression - inflation is at 13.5 percent, unemployment is at 9.5 percent and the f ederal discount rate is at 14 percent. But after 8 years, Ronald Reagan will turn the country inside out, and make the world a better place to live in. Considered the best president of his century, Ronald Reagan is the most influential man of the 1980’s because he abolished communism by ending the Cold War, developedRead MoreRonald Reag The President Of The United States Essay1698 Words   |  7 Pagesabout how Reagan changed America. Many agree that we have a more efficient and prosperous economy as a result of Reagan s economic policies, foreign policy triumphs including a peaceful yet long end to the Cold War, and a restoration of American pride and morale. Proponents also preach that Reagan restored faith in the American Dream with his unabated and passionate love for the United States. It is because of this, that in my opinion, Ronald Reagan has been the most successful President in AmericanRead MoreRonald Legacy Of Ronald Reagan1479 Words   |  6 PagesRonald Reagan is known for many things; however, he is most often recognized for his presidency. Not only was he a president, he was also a former athlete, Hollywood actor, and devoted husband and father. Ronald Reagan was one of the most influential and respected men of his time, known for his traditional morals, values, and beliefs that make him one of the best presidents that America has ever seen. Although Ronald Reagan eventually came to lead a glamorous lifestyle, his beginnings were much moreRead MoreThe Great Communicator734 Words   |  3 PagesThe Great Communicator The great communicator – is the phrase coined to describe Ronald Reagan by both his supporters and his critics. His approach to leadership was truly charismatic. John D Rockefeller said, â€Å"The ability to deal with people is as purchasable as a commodity as sugar or coffee and I will pay more for that ability than for anything under the sun†. Reagan had the ability to get others to conform to his version of what a nation really should be. Ronald Reagan continually developedRead MoreNancy Reagan1195 Words   |  5 PagesNancy Reagan made an impact on our society, so large that the impact is still lasting today. She is a very special person because of her determination not to give up however hard life may get. She is an example of a hard worker and a very caring person. Nancy was born July 6, 1921. Born as Anne Frances â€Å"Nancy† Robbins Davis Reagan, at Sloane Hospital Flushing Queens, New York. Nancy was born to Kenneth Seymour Robbins and Edith P. Luckett. Her parents got divorced shortly after marriage. Her

Teachers Unsung Heroes of the World Free Essays

string(46) " what we see is independent to what we think\." DEDICATION * * * This reflection paper is dedicated to the unsung heroes of the world—TEACHERS; To all morally upright and just individuals whose sense of integrity and humility are rooted deeply within them; To Mr. Books who never fails to inspire me with his words and wisdom; To my parents and my mentor, EXPERIENCE, for making me understand at an early age the essentialities of life here on earth; And to my Creator, You are beyond the superlative degree of adjective. You are the Minerva and the hair of Samson in my life. We will write a custom essay sample on Teachers: Unsung Heroes of the World or any similar topic only for you Order Now You have always been there leading me along the path that I have chosen! I salute you all! – K. A. P. C. * * * Introduction The writing technique that I used in this paper was a little different than those that I have written before, specifically during my undergraduate studies. In here, I made use of chapters instead of uninterrupted, paragraph by paragraph account. The reason is as simple yet complicated as to how a raindrop is able to produce rainbow with different colors from a single beam of sunlight or how a prism bends white light into different colors. As to this paper, each chapter reflects the unforeseeable and offensive truths that The Story of Teddy Stoddard implies, which are often hard to swallow by many people maybe because of pride or blindness. These paper includes both reactions and reflections. Commonly as it has always been, the story of Teddy Stoddard was no different with a lot of movies that I have watched and stories that I have read and heard before—all of which had communicated the same genre as the former. It is but an ordinary ripped page, no rarity or unfathomable terminologies, existing behind the great literary masterpieces of the world. But with its simple approach and language to whomever the reader may be, paired with its emotional quality, is like one of my favorite movies—Titanic. I can watch it over and over and cry to my hearts’ content time and again. On a profound understanding of the story, I was able to nod my head as each word of the story mumbled deeply within me as if letting me know that there is more to teaching as there is more to life. The story does not only happen in real-life teaching where some teachers tend to act like Mrs. Thompson but as well as in many other fields of profession and even in congregation of ordinary people. Let me discuss first, in a broader perspective, the story’s implication to human and life before I discuss the minutest details of its implication to the teaching profession and to me as a teacher. Chapter 1 Myths of the World Ever wonder why the world is becoming evil? Or why in spite of many sound philosophies and theories of education the world continues to move forward to its downfall? Why almost all men, especially educated men, are more foolish than a beggar on the street? Simple. A beggar is the happiest man in the world when somebody drops a coin in front of him, but to a man who knows a thing, a coin will do him no good unless that coin happens to be gold. We only worry on things that concern us or have direct effects in our lives. Those that do not seem to matter in their diminutive, powerless forms are taken for granted—consider Teddy’s case for instance. Nero, Alexander the Great, Hitler, Stalin, Mao Tse Tung, Hussein, Bin Laden and many others who are like them—weren’t these men, who had been leaders of their own dominions, able to earn a degree in college? Unfortunately, none of them was able to show genuine compassion towards their subjects, was able to leave something behind that future generations can make use of. It is not very often that people thank Hitler or Hussein for what he did because not many are born with mental retardation. (But of course, Teddy’s gratefulness to Mrs. Thompson was a different matter. ) It is very obvious to notice that only a few people in the past —Jesus Christ, Mother Teresa, Ghandhi, Mandela, and others—were able to show what real compassion means. As for Einstein, he’s a genius. Yet there is a fine line between genius and insanity. Had he only made use of his common sense, world leaders of today will stop accusing each other on issues about the use of nuclear weapons. Einstein’s actions were enough proofs that, even to genius, common sense is not very common. Thus, our first myth is: Not everything that glitters is gold. 1 Even other metals or â€Å"rusty† metals can reflect light and can have shiny appearance if furnished well. What and whom am I talking about? Find it out The Story of Teddy Stoddard. When I heard the news of Osama Bin Laden’s death, I did not believe it in an instant. What if it were a mere propaganda of Obama’s administration? What if Bin Laden’s look-alike were the one who got killed? Or did he really have a look-alike? From the book that I find no time to finish reading, entitled The Road Less Traveled, Scott Peck discussed what he termed as scientific tunnel vision—that is, according to him, â€Å"patients [people] are able to see only a very narrow area directly in front of them. They cannot see anything to the left or to the right, above or below their narrow focus. † I would strongly agree that, too often, a lot of people in this world, including I, have this kind of vision. We find it too difficult to look beyond the surface of things. Our perception of the world is no more than skin deep or subjective like that of Mrs. Thompson’s. Thus, the second myth is to see is too believe. 2 We are realists or materialists most of the time in the sense that what we see is independent to what we think. You read "Teachers: Unsung Heroes of the World" in category "Papers" An object continues to exist independently of the mind. Mrs. Thompson were aware of the presence of Teddy. He comes to school, takes exams, et cetera. Yet, Mrs. Thompson ignored to use her mental faculty to the most logical and sensible manner that she could to diagnose the problem of Teddy. It’s like when a man and a woman were seen by somebody moving out a motel. It is not hard to imagine what would immediately come in the mind of the observer. It is a prejudice akin to judging the book because of its worn-out cover. Having been explained that ‘seeing is believing’ is not always reliable, it is to be rejected. What we hear or see is not what we should always believe in. At times, we need to be idealists. There are times when we need to be rationalists, or skeptics or moralists, so on and so forth. There are even times when we need to be generalists. Remember this overused line: â€Å"Together we stand, divided we fall†? Adopting only one philosophy in life is discriminatory but it surely will lead us somewhere although our vision will be much like that of a tunnel. As for me, too much is enough. If these â€Å"too much† ideas being introduced to us at any given time anywhere in the world will solve human strife, it should have started a long time ago. Sadly, it did not. Sometimes, I feel disoriented into thinking how men, through the ages, are able to move forward, leaving the world behind at its deterioration. Or how a teacher is to be promoted whose responsibilities to his pupils he failed to accomplish. Nonetheless, everything comes and goes, and all that remain are unfinished businesses. At the end of the day, when exhaustion from every day work pays me a visit, I just sit and try to remember one thing that I learned from The Little Prince: â€Å"What is essential is ‘invisible’ to the eye. † It amazed me how Mrs. Thompson was able to realize her mistake and was able to understand the concept of â€Å"invisibility† on the latter part of the story. He that never changed any of his opinions never corrected any of his mistakes; and he who was never wise enough to find out any mistakes in himself will not be charitable enough to excuse what he reckons mistakes in others. † -Shakespeare- No matter how intelligent, how good, how rich or how respected a person is, it is an undeniable fact that he often commits false accusations and hypotheses. It’s our n ature as humans. Even philosophers and men of God cannot escape this inevitable â€Å"offense† because whatever their beliefs are, they too, commit mistakes. Luckily, we can bail out of this â€Å"offense† because of Alexander Pope who once wrote metaphorically, â€Å"To err is human. . . † but it didn’t just end there. He further added, â€Å"To forgive divine. † Thus, forgiveness itself cures mistakes. But there is an exemption: Laws are created because not every mistake can be excused by a simple sorry. Here comes the concept of pride. From this, the third myth arises: â€Å"Everybody can forgive†. Why is that? The sentence seems to be lacking. Nobody forgives unless he forgets. We will remain prisoners of our own hatred unless we forgive and forget. But doing both things is as hard as judging oneself. The good things about the story were Mrs. Thompson’s humility as a teacher to correct what she had done wrong and Teddy’s disregard of anger towards Mrs. Thompson. In all of these things that I have written, one thing in life, for sure, is universal that applies to all men: We see unrighteousness when we are right; we do not see righteousness when we are wrong and, there is no such thing as â€Å"between right and wrong†. It is a necessity , therefore, to evaluate ourselves continuously. It might appear as a science-related issue as to how Mrs. Thompson metamorphosed from unrighteousness to righteousness. An â€Å"ugly caterpillar† once she might had been, she later transformed into a â€Å"beautiful butterfly† who was able to touch the life of a unique wild flower named Teddy. Thus, we can never tell what type of impact we may have on another’s life by our actions or lack of actions. Whatever and whoever we are, let us not stop remembering that the best gift we could give or receive is touching a life and making a difference on someone’s life. As Gandhi said: â€Å"We must become the change we want to see in the world. â€Å" So the last myth is: Butterflies are beautiful to look at especially on their colors. It’s a paradox. Why? Because a butterfly is a camouflage of a caterpillar that it once had been. A caterpillar can live without being a butterfly, but it is impossible that a butterfly will appear without being a caterpillar. The underlying fact about it is that it CHANGES—from ugliness to beauty (like Mrs. Thompson). Same principle applies to humans. But most of the time, the reverse happens. â€Å"Are we caterpillars who get fat by obtaining nourishment from leaves until they finally run out r are we butterflies who add beauty to flowers every time we perch on them? † -Kristel- Like a butterfly, each of us has/had bones in our closet and we act according to norms as a camouflage of our little â€Å"secrets†. True? Hell, right! Freud was a genius with his concept of id, ego and super ego! â€Å"All humans have behavioral problems. A person with behavioral problem is not normal. If you’re normal, then you’re not human. † (Kristel, 2011) Chapter II â€Å"What Does It Take To Be Human? † In light of my twenty-one years of existence, the world has shown and taught me so much that it can offer. Though most of the time, asking how and why things behave in ways I cannot understand is like dragging myself into a labyrinth. My own logic often convinces me that doing such a thing is just putting myself into a dilemma. People and books can give answers but their answers often lead to another chapter which makes it become very obvious that life really is an indecipherable puzzle. A lot of life’s opportunities, difficulties, persons who are dear to me have come and gone in my life—opportunities that caused me to have regrets, challenges that taught me the importance of humility and loved ones who made me cry. Through all of these I realized that whether we take life seriously or not, it has never been easy to take. Life is difficult and it will always be that way. But once it is accepted, the fact that life is difficult no longer matters. Life, aside from its being difficult, is finite as well. This is the greatest truth in the world. Because of this truth, we, humans, have tried everything to outdo earth’s rotation by shortening ten years of men’s consistent labor to its half. This was made possible because the birth of industrialization gave humans the need to invent. Destiny dictated our triumphs. But is it a triumph or a failure that the birth of machineries is able to overpower Time? The answer is evident. Because of our obsession to change the world, we forget to change our attitudes. I guess the reason why a lot of people, specifically people in the past who often â€Å"defy† and critique norms, die poorly and unlamented is not because their beliefs are right but because society’s attitude towards them and their attitudes towards society fail to have a point of tangency (like in Geometry) thereby they are excluded in the â€Å"system†. Human weakness is power and too often, as power strengthens esponsibility weakens (in Physics, it is termed as inverse proportionality). Spider Man said: â€Å"Great power comes great responsibility† but when one is greater than the other, there arises masters and slaves. After I read The Story of Teddy Stoddard, I came into deep deliberation of what it takes to be human and trust me, I do not know if people would agree, for we all have our own way of thinking, that to be human is to become conscious that we are not in power to rule but we are responsible to serve. This would be more realistic if action would speak louder than words. CHAPTER III What Does It Take To Be Teachers? First and foremost, teaching had never been in my list of one-of-many things that I dreamt of doing someday. Well, truthfully, I believe that none of them really have been brought into realization. My first love was architecture but my true love is writing. Life really is not everything. Things that we do not expect happen as if they were to tap our backs to say â€Å"Hey, learn from us! †. When I was just a little girl, though living was as tough as it is now, I was always wondering what I would be someday. First, I dreamed of becoming a teacher. I was in grade school then when I thought of it. My sister and I used to pretend that we were teachers. We used to write on a mini chalkboard that our mum bought for us using varied colors of chalk. I have always been the one pretending as teacher and she was my pupil. As years past, when I finally entered fifth grade, I thought of becoming a journalist instead. My classmates often think of becoming like that so I decided to do the same. The feeling was similar when at one time I terribly ached for sweet candy because my playmate happened to have one. Things happened too swiftly before I realized that I was already a high school student. A year before my senior year, I was so sure of taking architecture in college. I discovered that I have a talent in designing houses and decorating their interiors. It has always been my passion to draw houses and appreciate the beauty of them whenever I go to places. It was on my last year in high school when I wished of becoming a writer and at the same an architect, and a teacher, and . . . and . . . well, I wasn’t quite sure right on that very moment. I lost my momentum. Perhaps I have been so engrossed of thinking over what I would be like. It was like trying to become ten different persons all at once though I knew that I was just an average. I mean, I was just a nobody way back in high school and up until now. Thin. Pimpled face. Shy. Unpopular. Out-of-style. Hermit. And other disgusting adjectives that one would happily attach to my name. I found that my previous ‘detention centers’ were too tight and were ‘pains’ in my ass. College life was different. I found freedom, comfort, appreciation, and friendship. I have the difficulty liking my course because I was forced to take it. I mean, nobody forced me to. It was I, myself. During that time, I feel like there’s nothing else to choose from so I took it anyway. My parents were not able to send me to prestigious college or university in the city because of lack of money. Architecture was, thus, forgotten. But in spite of that, I was learning wonderful things each day in college. I was beginning to be comfortable with the new environment and the people around. But I still could not accept the fact that I would soon be graduating despising the course that I have taken. But, but . . . things really happen for a reason, you know. God has His way of sending blessings in disguise. Even though I failed to fulfill my greatest dream, I somehow feel that I am leading on the right track though too often a few destructions shake my momentum. Sometimes I think that God put me into this profession because He wants me to learn and unlearn things in life. Or why I took the life that a few people in the world would buy. Or why I am making life difficult when on the other side is a greener pasture to walk on. Mother understands me for the decision that I have made, though father is not as understanding as her. I know that deep within them they want to see in me the daughter that they wanted me to be —happy, the one that would take them out of poverty, earning a much higher salary, self confident, and candid. I do not know. All I know is that when we hold on to our principle, we will be like a tree fixed on the ground—full of nourishment to give away yet never moving forward up to its death. Up to this day, I as well do not know the reason why I teach until I read The Story of Teddy Stoddard. I admire Mrs. Thompson because she was able to make a big difference on Teddy’s life. Someday, I wish I could do the same thing not only by being a teacher but by being human on this planet that I am living in. Now that I’m in the teaching profession, I am beginning to realize what it’s like to be human and to be a teacher. Some people may raise their brows on us making us feel so sick, others may say bad things about us as if they had never been bad all their lives. As for me, humility really matters. Within the four months of being in my line of work, I can say that there is more to teaching than meets the eye. Teaching is difficult. So far, it is what I can say. Difficult to the point that aside from everyday teaching, I meet a lot of people with different personalities wherein sometimes a person who doesn’t know how to control emotions or does not comprehend right from wrong may probably just burst out. Thank God, I am learning a lot with people who are as imperfect as I am. (Am I this bad Sorry. Hehehe! Peace! I’m not just in good mood today. OOO) I guess you have heard someone said: â€Å"Politics is not dirty. The ones who make it dirty are the people involved in it. † Same thing happens in teaching even with Mother Earth, but I do not want to discuss it further. For crying out loud, I am too judgmental! Peace every one! I, too, make mistakes! A lot of moral lessons can be taken from the story. I am beginning to have an extraordinary motivation to write as many pages as I can though my time is running out (it’s not that I’m going to die soon . . . L. O. L! just busy). I believe that there are many Mrs. Thompson in the world who transformed from being caterpillars to being butterflies. Some may even remain as caterpillars. I, well, I do not know what I am. Sometimes I am a caterpillar, sometimes a butterfly. I cannot run away from being a caterpillar especially when anger hits me. Anger is a state of mind. How can I escape from anger without losing my mind? But I am the type of person who, most of the time, does not speak out what I want to say (In teaching, we must be careful with the command of language. Everyone has his own interpretations). As an escape, (heheh) I write everything down on a sheet of paper. At least, through it, there’s an indirect communication. I can even delete words that seem not quite good to the reader. It’s not because I want to please everybody because that is hypocrisy. It’s just that people will not be satisfied unless they have scrutinized every inch of us. If enough were not enough, trust me, scrutiny won’t end. (What am I doing right now? Am I not scrutinizing? L. O. L! OOO) From time to time, we must weigh things up. We are never always right neither always wrong. Acceptance is a key to a contented and harmonious living. The Story of Teddy Stoddard tackles the concept of acceptance. In connection to teaching, a lot of teachers say, and too often I try to agree, that once we are in the system, we have to face facts, to accept things as they are. No but’s, but that’s how the world works. Many people have tried to reverse its working, but they all ended being ridiculed and condemned. What’s the relevance of all these things that I’ve written into taking Master’s degree units? I do not know, but one thing for sure is I know: as I continue learning, I am ‘knowing more and more about less and less’. It’s a cliche, but literally cleared my mind up (deep sigh). . . Thanks be to God! You’re my everything! Chapter IV Insights Gained From Mrs. Thompson and Teddy: Relevance to My Growth as a Teacher and as a Person Today, teaching for me is perceived as art with passion. It has its intricacies that a truly devoted and passionate individual can only see. It is mastered so as to get the best out of the worst from the learner. It is not merely an act of inculcating ideas to young learners that may turn these young individuals to become mere copycats of the indoctrinator. Asking thought provoking questions elicits active and creative reasoning. Teaching is not telling the individual the what’s, the why’s, and the how’s of life. Teaching is just giving the learner facts that will guide him to find the answers for himself. â€Å"Teach with passion,† this I heard several times from a former teacher. Love to teach. Be passionate. Let the child feels you are a part of the process. With your guidance he will discover the facts of life. Be enthusiastic in teaching no matter how insignificant the topic may be. Passion and love for teaching make one an effective teacher. No amount of master’s degrees can equal a committed teacher who has loved to teach and has mastered the art of teaching. It is not in the amount of accolades or recognition a teacher received that define success. It is through the eyes of these young minds that benefited from your guidance. A tyrant teacher is remembered indifferently but a good teacher is admired forever. We pass this life only once. Leave an impact so others may continue the work started like what Mrs. Thompson did! Chapter V My Philosophy in Life My philosophy in life is simple: Life itself is a philosophy. Never take it easy. *** End â€Å"It is hard to fill a cup which is already full. † â€Å"A little learning is a dangerous thing: -Mother of Neyteri, Avatar- Drink deep, or taste not the Pierian spring: There shallow draughts intoxicate the brain, And drinking largely sobers us again. † -Alexander Pope, An Essay on Criticism How to cite Teachers: Unsung Heroes of the World, Papers

Master Circular on ‘Know Your Customer’ (Kyc) Norms free essay sample

The best available evidence of | | |identity should be obtained, having regard to the circumstances of each customer and their country of origin. | | |Some forms of proof of identity are more reliable than others, and in some cases it will be prudent to carry out | | |more than one verification check. | | |Customer Due Diligence (CDD) : | |3. 3 |The customer due diligence may be defined as any measure undertaken by a financial institution to collect and | | |verify information and positively establish the identity of a customer. | |There are 3 types of CDD that can be used in accordance with the risk category of the customer. | | |Basic Due Diligence : | | |Basic Due Diligence means collection and verification of identity proof, address proof and photograph to | |3. 3. 1 |establish the identity of the customer. This is based on documents and forms the basis of the KYC programme of | | |the bank. A different set of documents can be listed for different type of customers as seen in par a 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Master Circular on ‘Know Your Customer’ (Kyc) Norms or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 1. 3. 4 of| | |this circular. | |Simplified Due Diligence : | | |The due diligence applied to establish the identity of the customer involving measures less stringent than Basic | | |Due Diligence, can be termed as Simplified Due Diligence. As per the Reserve Bank of India guidelines, | | |Simplified Due Diligence can be applied to Accounts of people belonging to low income group both in urban and | | |rural areas to enable ‘Financial Inclusion’ to this segment. (e. g. No Frill Accounts in our Bank). | |3. 3. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 3. 4NO FRILL ACCOUNTS : Although flexibility in the requirements of documents of identity and proof of address has been provided in the circular mentioned above, yet it has been brought to notice that a large number of persons, especially, those belonging to low income group both in urban and rural areas are not able to produce such documents to satisfy the bank about their identity and address. This would lead to their inability to access the banking services and result in their financial exclusion. Accordingly, it has been decided to further simplify the KYC procedure for opening accounts for those persons who intend to keep balances not exceeding rupees fifty thousand (Rs. 50,000/-) in all their accounts taken together and the total credit in all the accounts taken together is not expected to exceed rupees one lac (Rs. 1,00,000/-) in a year. In case a person desirous of opening an account is not able to produce the documents as mentioned above, branches may open accounts, subject to – a) Introduction from another account holder who has been subject to full KYC procedure. The introducer’s account with the bank should be at least six months old and should show satisfactory transactions. Photograph of the customer who proposes to open the account and also his address needs to be certified by the introducer. Or b) Any other evidence as to the identity and address of the customer to the satisfaction of the bank. c) Initial Deposit: Account can be opened with initial deposit of Rs. 50. 00. d) Minimum Balance: Minimum balance of Rs. 50. 00 to be maintained. However, no incidental/service charges are to be recovered even in case the balance in the account falls below Rs. 50. 00. e) While opening accounts as described above, the customer should be made aware that if at any point of time, the balances in all his/her accounts with the bank(taken together) exceeds Rupees Fifty thousand (Rs. 0,000/-) or total credit in the account exceeds Rupees One lac (Rs. 1,00,000/-) in a year, no further transactions will be permitted until the full KYC procedure is completed. In order not to inconvenience the customer, the bank must notify the customer when the balance reaches Rupees Fort y thousand (Rs. 40,000/-) or the total credit in a year reaches Rupees Eighty Thousand (Rs. 80,000/-) that appropriate documents for conducting the KYC must be submitted otherwise the operations in the account will be stopped when the total balance in all the accounts taken together exceeds Rupees Fifty thousand (Rs. 50,000/-) or the total credit in the accounts exceeds Rupees one lac (Rs. 1,00,000/-) in a year. ) The accounts shall also be treated at par with the accounts opened in terms of RBI Circular DBOD No. AML BC. 23/14. 01. 064/2005-06 dated 2. 8. 2005 (applicable to Branches in Maharashtra State). However, the maximum balance in such accounts may be permitted as the amount of grant received from the Government or Rupees Fifty Thousand (Rs. 50,000/-) whichever is more and the initial credit of the grant amount shall not be counted towards the total credit. 3. 4. 1Issuance of Cheque Book : Clause No. 6 : One cheque book per annum containing 10 leaves will be issued free of ch arge at the request of the depositor. Additional Cheque Book at the request will be issued at a charge of Rs. 0/- per Cheque Book containing 10 leaves. 3. 4. 2ATM Card : ATM Card is not to be allowed. 3. 4. 3Nomination : Branches will ensure that in all accounts nomination is obtained invariably. 3. 4. 4Transactions in the account : There is no restriction as to the number of deposits in the account. However, total number of withdrawals allowed per year (free of charge) shall be restricted to 50. 3. 4. 5Transfer to normal HSS account : At the request of the customer, after meeting normal KYC requirements, the account will be eligible for migration to normal HSS accounts instead of continuing to remain under this category. 3. 4. 6Execution of undertaking : At the time of opening of account itself, the customer would also execute an undertaking as per â€Å"Annexure A†, wherein he/she undertakes to keep balances not exceeding Rs. 50,000/- in all his/her accounts taken together with the Bank and that total credit in all such accounts taken together would not exceed Rs. 1,00,000/- in a year. The applicant would also undertake that if at any point of time, the balances in all his accounts with the Bank taken together exceeds Rs. 50,000/- or total credit in all the accounts exceeds Rs. 1,00,000/- in a year, then Bank shall be within its rights to stop further transactions in the accounts until full KYC procedure is completed by him/her. Details of his/her other accounts, if any, with our Bank shall also be obtained along with this undertaking. 3. 3. 3Enhanced Due Diligence (EDD) : Additional diligence measures undertaken over and above the Basic Due Diligence can be termed as Enhanced Due Diligence. EDD would be required to be undertaken as per Reserve Bank of India guidelines for the higher risk customers of the Bank. (For e. g. NRI, foreign Nationals, PEP, Non face to face customer, Pooled account, Specific type of business, Customers who live in High risk countries, Trust Accounts, Correspondent Banking). Specific types of relationships where EDD may be required to be applied: 3. 3. 3. 1Client accounts opened by professional intermediaries. When the bank has knowledge or reason to believe that the client account opened by a professional intermediary is on behalf of a single client, that client must be identified. Banks may hold pooled accounts managed by professional intermediaries on behalf of entities like mutual funds, pension funds or other types of funds. Banks also maintain pooled accounts managed by lawyers/chartered accountants or stockbrokers for funds held on deposit or in escrow for a range of clients. Where funds held by the intermediaries are not co-mingled at the bank and there are sub-accounts, each of them attributable to a beneficial owner, all the beneficial owners must be identified. Where such funds are co-mingled at the bank, the bank should still look through to the beneficial owners. Where the Bank relies on the customer due diligence (CDD) done by an intermediary, the Bank should satisfy itself that the intermediary is regulated and supervised and has adequate systems in place to comply with the KYC requirements. It should be understood that the ultimate responsibility for knowing the customer lies with the bank. Further, if the professional intermediaries like Chartered Accountant or lawyer etc are unable to disclose the true identity of the owner of the account / funds due to any professional obligation of customer confidentiality, branches should not open or hold accounts of professional intermediaries on behalf of a client. Further, because of such obligation on the part of the professional intermediary, branches are unable to know and verify the true identity of the client on whose behalf account is held or beneficial ownership and / or understand the true nature and purpose of transactions, then branches should not open an account, on behalf of a client, by professional intermediary. 3. 3. 3. 2Accounts of Politically Exposed Persons (PEPs) resident outside India Politically exposed persons are individuals who are or have been entrusted with prominent public functions in a foreign country, e. g. , Heads of States or of Governments, senior politicians, senior government/judicial/military officers, senior executives of state-owned corporations, important political party officials, etc. Sufficient information on any person / customer of this category intending to establish a relationship should be gathered and all the information available on the public domain should be checked. Branches should verify the identity of the person and seek information about the sources of funds before accepting the PEP as a customer. The Competent Authority only is authorised to take a decision whether to open an account of a PEP. In the event of an existing customer or the beneficial owner of an existing account, subsequently becoming a PEP, the approval of the competent authority should be obtained for continuance or otherwise of the business relationships. Also, such accounts should be subjected to enhanced monitoring. These norms/rules are also applicable, when the PEP is the ultimate beneficial owner and to the accounts of family members or close relatives of PEPs and or where the PEP is the ultimate beneficial owner. Further, such accounts should be subjected to enhanced monitoring on an ongoing basis. 3. 3. 3. 3Accounts of non-face-to-face customers . With the introduction of telephone and electronic banking, increasingly accounts are being opened by banks for customers without the need for the customer to visit the bank branch. In the case of non-face-to-face customers, apart from applying the usual customer identification procedures, there must be specific and adequate procedures to mitigate the higher risk involved. Certification of all the documents presented should be insisted upon and, if necessary, additional documents may be called for. In such cases, banks may also require the first payment to be effected through the customers account with another bank which, in turn, adheres to similar KYC standards. In the case of cross-border customers, there is the additional difficulty of matching the customer with the documentation and the bank may have to rely on third party certification/introduction. In such cases, it must be ensured that the third party is a regulated and supervised entity and has adequate KYC systems in place. 3. 3. 3. 4Correspondent Banking Correspondent banking is the provision of banking services by one bank (the â€Å"correspondent bank†) to another bank (the â€Å"respondent bank†). These services may include cash/funds management, international wire transfers, drawing arrangements for demand drafts and mail transfers, payable-through-accounts, cheques clearing etc. Banks should gather sufficient information to understand fully the nature of the business of the correspondent/respondent bank. Information on the other bank’s management, major business activities, level of AML/CFT compliance, purpose of opening the account, identity of any third party entities that will use the correspondent banking services, and regulatory/supervisory framework in the correspondents/respondent’s country may be of special relevance. Similarly, Banks should try to ascertain from publicly available information whether the other bank has been subject to any money laundering or terrorist financing investigation or regulatory action. While it is desirable that such relationships should be established only with the approval of the Board, in case the Boards of some banks wish to delegate the power to an administrative authority, they may delegate the power to a committee headed by the Chairman/CEO of the bank while laying down clear parameters for approving such relationships. Proposals approved by the Committee should invariably be put up to the Board at its next meeting for post facto approval. The responsibilities of each bank with whom correspondent banking relationship is established should be clearly documented. In the case of payable-through-accounts, the correspondent bank should be satisfied that the respondent bank has verified the identity of the customers having direct access to the accounts and is undertaking ongoing due diligence on them. The correspondent bank should also ensure that the respondent bank is able to provide the relevant customer identification data immediately on request. 3. 3. 3. 5Nonresident Indians (NRIs)/Foreign Nationals Indian customers resident overseas and foreign nationals based in India pose a bigger risk from money laundering perspective then ones placed domestically. 3. 3. 3. 6Fiduciary Accounts Bank may exercise enhanced due diligence at the time of opening fiduciary accounts by intermediaries such as guardians of estates executors, administrators, assignees, receivers etc. For e. g. while opening of the account of an administrator of the estate, it may be necessary to examine the Letter of Administration(Authority) as it would give a picture of the assets of the estate. 3. 4Correspondent relationship with a â€Å"Shell Bank† 3. 4. 1Banks should refuse to enter into a correspondent relationship with a â€Å"shell bank† (i. e. a bank which is incorporated in a country where it has no physical presence and is unaffiliated to any regulated financial group). Shell banks are not permitted to operate in India. Further, before establishing correspondent relationship with any foreign institution, appropriate measures should be taken by the Bank to satisfy themselves that the foreign respondent institution does not permit its accounts to be used by Shell Banks. 3. 4. 2Banks should be extremely cautious while continuing relationships with respondent banks located in countries with poor KYC standards and countries identified as non-cooperative in the fight against money laundering and terrorist financing. Banks should ensure that their respondent banks have anti money laundering policies and procedures in place and apply enhanced due diligence procedures for transactions carried out through the correspondent accounts. Branches are advised to refer to International Division, Central Office, for clarification / guidance in the matter. 3. 4. Applicability to branches and subsidiaries outside India The guidelines contained in this master circular shall apply to the branches and majority owned subsi diaries located abroad, especially, in countries which do not or insufficiently apply the FATF Recommendations, to the extent local laws permit. When local applicable laws and regulations prohibit implementation of these guidelines, the same should be brought to the notice of Reserve Bank. In case there is a variance in KYC/AML standards prescribed by the Reserve Bank and the host country regulators, branches/overseas subsidiaries of banks are required to adopt the more stringent regulation of the two. |3. |INTRODUCTION OF ACCOUNTS : | |3. 5. 1 |WHAT IS INTRODUCTION: | | |Obtaining of introduction should not be a mere formality to get protection under Section 131 of the Negotiable | | |Instruments Act, but necessarily to enable proper identification of the person opening the account, as the Banker has | | |to render a number of Banking Services, including collection of cheques in the ordinary course of business. It is | | |therefore essential that the Banker gets to know the true identity of the customer, is aware of the credentials of the | | |prospective customer such as his address, profession/business etc, before establishing a business relationship. | |3. 5. 2 |WHO CAN INTRODUCE AN ACCOUNT? | | | | |3. 5. 2. 1 |An existing account holder of repute and standing, whose account is satisfactorily and actively conducted for a period | | |not less than six months. | |3. 5. 2. 2 |Any respectable person, in the locality, who is well known to the Bank. | | | | |3. 5. 2. |Branch Manager/Deputy Manager or any official of the branch or of other branches of the bank provided they have | | |sufficient knowledge about the identity of the person introduced. When officials of the bank introduce accounts, | | |they should be extremely careful and vigilant. They should make detailed enquiries and satisfy themselves about | | |the identity of the person, his/ her address, his/her profession / occupation, e tc. over and above the customers| | |integrity and bonafides. | |3. 5. 2. 4 |No other staff member should be allowed to introduce an account except with the concurrence of the Branch | | |Manager/Deputy Manager. | |3. . 3 |WHAT IS A PROPER INTRODUCTION? | |3. 5. 3. 1 |It is necessary that the person introducing the applicant to the Banker, must be a respectable person. He / she | | |should also be known to the Banker. | |3. 5. 3. 2 |The introducer should know the intending customer. | |3. 5. 3. 3 |The introducer should sign on bank’s form in token of his/ her verifying the identity of the applicant. Oral | | |introduction of a person desirous to open an account with the bank would not constitute a proper introduction. | |3. 5. 4 |WHAT ARE THE LIABILITIES OF THE INTRODUCER? |3. 5. 4. 1 |While introduction is not a guarantee of the account holders transactions with the Bank by the introducer, the | | |introducer should be in a position to identify/trace the account holder in ca se of need. Therefore, the | | |customers should be advised that they should not introduce any account unless they know the identity of the | | |prospective customer. A notice to this effect may be prominently displayed in the branch. | |3. 5. 5 |PROCEDURE FOR INTRODUCTION : | |3. 5. 5. |FORMALITIES FOR INTRODUCTION AND OPENING OF ACCOUNT | |3. 5. 5. 2 |To verify the residential address given by the prospective customer, banks generally ask for copies of passport, | | |driving license, identity card issued by any institution, copy of electricity or telephone bill, copy of any | | |communication issued by Central/State Government authorities showing residential address or any other evidence in| | |support of the address given in the account opening form. | |3. 5. 5. 3 |Introducer should normally visit the branch for introduction. Discreet enquiries, such as since when and how | | |he/she knows the prospective customer should be made. The introducer should also be advised of his/her/their | | |responsibilities as an introducer. | |3. 5. 5. 4 |A letter of thanks to the introducer, also requesting him/her for his/her confirmation of the introduction be | | |invariably sent by registered post. Further, a letter of thanks should also be sent to the customer by UPC, at | | |the address mentioned in the account opening form. | |3. 5. 5. 5 |The introducer must sign in the place Introduced by provided in the account opening form. | | | | |Following certificate is normally obtained from the introducer: | | | | | |I certify that I know Mr. /Mrs. /Miss __________________ since last _________ months/years and confirm | | |his/her/their occupation and address stated in this application to open the account. | |3. 5. 5. 6 |The introducer must also mention his/her/their type of account (HSS/Current Deposit) and the account nu mber. The| | |signature of the account holder should tally with the specimen signature on record with the Bank. | |3. 5. 5. 7 |Introducers signature in the column introduced by should be verified by the departmental head. The branch | | |official should satisfy himself/ herself beyond doubt as to the genuineness of the signatures and record it under| | |his/ her specimen signature and signature number, as a token of having verified the signature/s. | |3. 5. 5. 8 |In case of introduction of an account by the Manager/Official of ‘another branch’, the confirmation thereof | | |should be sought immediately from the ‘other’ branch and the ‘Manager/Official’ of ‘other’ branch is expected to | | |respond immediately. In case an account is introduced by the â€Å"Manager/Official† of ‘another’ branch, the | | |Manager/Official of the ‘other’ branch should put their ‘signature index number’ beneath their signature/s. | |3. 5. 5. |In cases where an account is introduced by a ‘customer’ of ‘another branch’, the account opening branch should | | |not allow any operations in the account, till such time the signature of the ‘customer’ ‘of the other branch’ is | | |duly verified/certified by the ‘other’ branch. The verifying official of the ‘other’ branch should append his/her| | |signature index number. | |3. 5. 5. 10 |Verification of the residential address provided by the customer is of great importance. While considering loan | | |products, verification is usually done through a visit. However, this is not possible in all the cases of | | |opening of accounts. As such, this may be achieved by mailing a welcome kit containing cheque book, rules and | | |regulations, pamphlets on various products etc. f the Bank, at the address provided by the customer. | |3. 5. 5. 11 |The branches may also contact the customer at the telephone number provided in the account documentation to | | |verify the customer details. When such verification is made, it should be noted in the records and the name, | | |signature, signature index number of the verifying official should be appended thereto. | |3. 5. 5. 12 |While opening accounts of corporate bodies, firms, trusts etc. branches should obtain documentary evidence | | |regarding existence of the entity, powers of the authorized persons to operate the account etc. | |3. 5. 5. 3 |An interview with the prospective customer is recommended, while opening an account, as the interview would help | | |in knowing the customer and preparing the profile. | |3. 5. 5. 14 |When a new branch is opened, it may not be possible to get introduction by existing account holders. Banks | | |generally canvass for accounts of VIPs in the area and key persons in nearby offices and business establishments | | |whose introduction would be available. | |4. ANTI MONEY LAUNDERING STANDARDS | | | | |4. |MONEY LAUNDERING : | | | | | |As per the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA) 2002, the offence of Money Laundering is defined as : | | | | | |Whoever directly or indirectly attempts to i ndulge or knowingly assists or knowingly is a party or is actually | | |involved in any process or activity connected with the proceeds of a crime and projecting the same as a | | |untainted property – shall be guilty of offence of Money Laundering. Money Laundering is the process by which | | |the criminals attempt to hide and disguise the origin and ownership of the proceeds of their criminal activities | | |like drug trafficking, trafficking in women and children, murder, extortion, child pornography etc. ‘Proceeds of | | |crime’ means any property derived or obtained, either directly or indirectly by any person as a result of | | |criminal activities relating to a scheduled offence or the value of such property. Money Laundering, therefore, | | |besides being a Statutory or Regulatory requirement is also a moral responsibility for all the Bank Employees. | |4. 2 |TERRORIST FINANCING : | | | | | |Terrorists use similar methods for moving their funds. Some of the terrorist groups also indulge in criminal | | |activities for funding their acts. However, there are two major differences between Money Laundering and | | |Terrorist Financing. | | | | |Whereas in the case of Money Laundering, the source of money is always through criminal activities while | | |Terrorist Financing can be from legitimately obtained income. | | | | | |It is difficult to identify terrorist funding transactions as more often terrorist activities require small | | |amounts. | 4. 3WIRE TRANSFERS : Banks use wire transfers as an expeditious method for transferring funds between bank accounts. Wire transfers include transactions occurring within the national boundaries of a country or from one country to another. As wire transfers do not involve actual movement of currency, they are considered as a rapid and secure method for transferring value from one location to another. 4. 3. 1The salient features of a wire transfer transaction are as under: 1. a) Wire transfer is a transaction carried out on behalf of an originator person (both natural and legal) through a bank by electronic means with a view to making an amount of money available to a beneficiary person at a bank. The originator and the beneficiary may be the same person. 2. ) Cross-border transfer means any wire transfer where the originator and the beneficiary bank or financial institutions are located in different countries. It may include any chain of wire transfers that has at least one cross-border element. 1. c) Domestic wire transfer means any wire transfer where the originator and receiver are located in the same country. It may also include a chain of wire transfers that takes place entirely within the borders of a single country even though the system used to effect the wire transfer may be located in another country. 2. d) The originator is the account holder, or where there is no account, the person (natural or legal) that places the order with the bank to perform the wire transfer. 4. 3. Wire transfer is an instantaneous and most preferred route for transfer of funds across the globe and hence, there is a need for preventing terrorists and other criminals from having unfettered access to wire transfers for moving their funds and for detecting any misuse when it occurs. This can be achieved if basic information on the originator of wire transfers is immediately available to appropriate law enforcement and/or prosecutorial authorities in order to assist them in detecting, investigating, prosecuting terrorists or other criminals and tracing their assets. The information can be used b y Financial Intelligence Unit India (FIU-IND) for analysing suspicious or unusual activity and disseminating it as necessary. The originator information can also be put to use by the beneficiary bank to facilitate identification and reporting of suspicious transactions to FIU-IND. Owing to the potential terrorist financing threat posed by small wire transfers, the objective is to be in a position to trace all wire transfers with minimum threshold limits. Accordingly, branches must ensure that all wire transfers are accompanied by the following information: ( A ) CROSS BORDER WIRE TRANSFERS. 1. i) All cross-border wire transfers must be accompanied by accurate and meaningful originator information. 2. ii) Information accompanying cross-border wire transfers must contain the name and address of the originator and where an account exists, the number of that account. In the absence of an account, a unique reference number, as prevalent in the country concerned, must be included. 1. iii) Where several individual transfers from a single originator are bundled in a batch file for transmission to beneficiaries in another country, they may be exempted from including full originator information, provided they include the originator’s account number or unique reference number as at (ii) above. ( B ) DOMESTIC WIRE TRANSFERS 1. i) Information accompanying all domestic wire transfers of Rs. 50000/- (Rupees Fifty Thousand) and above must include complete originator information i. e. name, address and account number etc. , unless full originator information can be made available to the beneficiary bank by other means. 2. i) If a branch has reason to believe that a customer is intentionally structuring wire transfer to below Rs. 50000/- (Rupees Fifty Thousand) to several beneficiaries in order to avoid reporting or monitoring, the branch must insist on complete customer identification before effecting the transfer. In case of non-cooperation from the customer, efforts should be made to establish his identity and Suspicious Transaction Report (STR) should be sent to Nodal Officer / Principal Officer for onward submission to FIU-IND. iii) When a credit or debit card is used to effect money transfer, necessary information as (i) above should be included in the message. 1. 4. 3. 3 EXEMPTIONS Interbank transfers and settlements where both the originator and beneficiary are banks or financial institutions would be exempted from the above requirements. 4. 3. 4Role of Ordering, Intermediary and Beneficiary banks : a) Ordering Bank An ordering bank is the one that originates a wire transfer as per the order placed by its customer. If the branch is an ordering bank, it must ensure that qualifying wire transfers contain complete originator information. The branch must also verify and preserve the information at least for a period of ten years. (b) Intermediary bank For both cross-border and domestic wire transfers, a bank processing an intermediary element of a chain of wire transfers must ensure that all originator information accompanying a wire transfer is retained with the transfer. Where technical limitations prevent full originator information accompanying a cross-border wire transfer from remaining with a related domestic wire transfer, a record must be kept at least for ten years (as required under Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002) by the receiving intermediary bank, of all the information received from the ordering bank. If the branch is an intermediary Bank, it must be ensured that all the records as aforesaid are preserved for a period of ten years. For further details, please refer to para 6. 14 â€Å"PRESERVATION OF RECORDS† of this circular. ( c) Beneficiary bank A beneficiary bank should have effective risk-based procedures in place to identify wire transfers lacking complete originator information. The lack of complete originator information may be considered as a factor in assessing whether a wire transfer or related transactions are suspicious and whether they should be reported to the Financial Intelligence Unit-India. The beneficiary bank should also take up the matter with the ordering bank if a transaction is not accompanied by detailed information of the fund remitter. If the ordering bank fails to furnish information on the remitter, the beneficiary bank should consider restricting or even terminating its business relationship with the ordering bank. |5 |MONITORING OF TRANSACTIONS : | |5. 1 |To obviate the scope for frauds and prevent Money Laundering, regular monitoring and supervision of accounts is | | |essential. Monitoring customer activity and transactions throughout the relationship helps the Banks to know their | | |customers, assess risk and provides greater assurance that the Bank is not being used for the purposes of financial | | |crime. However, the extent of monitoring will depend on the non-sensitivity of the account. Very high account turnover | | |inconsistent with the size of the balance maintained may indicate that funds are being ‘washed’ through the account. | | |Special attention should be paid to the complex, unusually large transactions and all unusual patterns which have no | | |apparent economic or lawful purpose. | |5. |MONITORING OF CASH TRANSACTIONS : | | | | | |Branches should closely monitor cash deposits and withdrawals of Rs. 10 lacs and above or its equivalent in foreign | | |currency. | | |All series of cash transactions integrally connected to each other which have been valued below Rupees Ten Lacs or its | | |equivalent in foreign currency where s uch series of transactions have taken place within a month and the aggregate | | |value of such transactions exceeds Rupees Ten Lacs. | |All cash transactions where forged or counterfeit currency notes or bank notes have been used as genuine and where any | | |forgery of a valuable security or a document has taken place facilitating the transaction and | | |All suspicious transactions whether or not made in cash and by way of as mentioned in the rules. | | | | |5. 3 |The methods of monitoring may be broadly classified as follows : | | | | |5. 3. |Observation : The staff at the branches may at the time of processing the transaction or otherwise, come across | | |certain transactions not in line with the profile of the customer. Certain behaviour displayed by the customer during | | |their interaction with such customer may also lead to suspicion. The branch staff should exercise caution and report | | |such instances to the principal officers/his representatives so that additional du e diligence may be done on the same. | | |A list of behavioural indicators that should trigger suspicion is mentioned hereunder : | |5. 3. |CUSTOMER BEHAVIOUR INDICATORS : | | | | | |Customers who are reluctant in providing normal information while opening an account, providing minimal or fictitious | | |information or when applying to open an account, providing information that is difficult or expensive for the | | |institution to verify. | | | | | |Customers expressing unusual curiosity about a secrecy of information involved in the transaction. | | | | | Customers who decline to provide information that in normal circumstances would make the customer eligible for banking | | |services. | | | | | |Customers giving confusing details about a transaction. | | | | | |Customers reluctant or refusing to state the purpose of a particular large/complex transaction/source of funds involved| | |or provides a questionable purpose and / or source. | | | | | |Customers who use separate tellers to conduct cash transaction or foreign exchange transactions. | | | | |Customers who deposit cash / withdrawals by means of numerous deposit slips/cheque leaves so that the total of each | | |deposit is unremarkable, but the total of all credits / debits is significant. | | | | | |Customer’s representatives avoiding contact with the branch. | | | | | |Customers who repay the problem loans unexpectedly. | | | | | |Customers who appear to have accounts with several institutions within the same locality without any apparent logical | | |reason. | | | | | | | |Customers seek to change or cancel a transaction after the customer is informed of currency transaction reporting / | | |information verification or record keeping requirements relevant to the transaction. | | | | | |Customer regularly issues large value cheques without balance and then deposits cash. | | | | | | | |5. 3. |Analysis of Exception Reports : There is a system of generation of the exception reports at the branc hes, to examine | | |accounts, based on certain parameters/threshold limits. Branches should exercise suitable due diligence on these | | |accounts and accounts concluded to be suspicious be reported in STR to the Nodal Officer for onward reporting to the | | |Principal Officer. | | | | |5. 3. 4 |The technological advancements have facilitated on line transfer of funds and real time settlement between the | | |Banks across the globe. This has helped money launderers to adopt innovative means and move funds faster across | | |continents making detection and preventive action much more difficult. This calls for a dynamic approach in tracking | | |the crime. The staff members must be vigilant in the fight against money laundering and must not allow the bank to be | | |used for money laundering activities. The Bank should not become a party to violation of law. As such, preventing | | |money laundering activities is the duty and responsibility of the bank staff. An illustrative checklist on preventing | | |money-laundering activities, is given hereunder : | |5. |CHECK LIST FOR PREVENTING MONEY-LAUNDERING ACTIVITIES | | |A customer maintains multiple accounts, transfers money among the accounts and uses one account as a master account | | |from which wire/funds transfer originates or into which wire/funds transfer are received (a customer deposits funds in | | |several accounts, usually in amounts below a specified th reshold and the funds are then consolidated into one master | | |account and wired outside the country. ) | | |A customer regularly depositing or withdrawing large amounts by a wire transfer to, from, or through countries that are| | |known sources of narcotics or where Bank secrecy laws facilitate laundering of money. | |A customer sends and receives wire transfers (from financial haven countries) particularly if there is no apparent | | |business reason for such transfers and is not consistent with the customers business or history. | | |A customer receiving many small incoming wire transfer of funds or deposits of cheques and money orders, then orders | | |large outgoing wire transfers to another city or country. | | |A customer experiences increased wire activity when previously there has been no regular wire activity. | | |Loan proceeds unexpectedly are wired or mailed to an offshore Bank or third party. | |A business customer uses or evidences of sudden increase in wired trans fer to send and receive large amounts of money, | | |internationally and/or domestically and such transfers are not consistent with the customers history. | | | | | |Deposits of currency or monetary instruments into the account of a domestic trade or business, which in turn are | | |quickly wire transferred abroad or moved among other accounts for no particular business purpose. | | |Sending or receiving frequent or large volumes of wire transfers to and from offshore institutions. | | | | |Instructing the Bank to transfer funds abroad and to expect an equal incoming wire transfer from other sources. | | | | | |Wiring cash or proceeds of a cash deposit to another country without changing the form of the currency. | | | | | |Receiving wire transfers and immediately purchasing monetary instruments prepared for payment to a third party. | | | | |Periodic wire transfers from a person’s account/s to Bank haven countries. | | | | | |A customer pays for a large (international or dom estic) wire transfers using multiple monetary instruments drawn on | | |several financial institutions. | | | | | |A customer or a non-customer receives incoming or makes outgoing wire transfers involving currency amounts just below a| | |specified threshold, or that involves numerous Bank or Travelers cheques. | | | | |A customer or a non-customer receives incoming wire transfers from the Bank to ‘Pay upon proper identification’ or to | | |convert the funds to bankers’ cheques and mail them to the customer or non-customer, when | | | | | |The amount is very large (say over Rs. 10 lacs) | | |The amount is just under a specified threshold (Rs. 0 lacs) | | |The funds come from a foreign country or | | |Such transactions occur repeatedly. | | | | | |A customer or a non customer arranges large wire transfers out of the country which are paid for by multiple Banker’s | | |cheques (just under a specified threshold) | | | | | |A non-customer sends numerous wire t ransfers using currency amounts just below a specified threshold limit. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |5. 5 |To effectively monitor the cash transactions of Rs. 10 lacs and above (or its equivalent in foreign currency) | | |branches should maintain a separate register to record details of individual cash deposits and withdrawals of Rs. | | |10 lacs and above. The details recorded in the register should include:- | | | | | |Type of account/account no. | |Title of account/Name of the account holder | | |Date of opening the account | | |Date of Transaction | | |Nature of the transaction | | |Amount of Deposit/withdrawal ( currency in which it was denominated) | | |Identity of the person undertaking the transaction | | |Name of the beneficiary of the cheque (in case of withdrawal) | | |Destination of the funds and the form of instruction/authority. | |5. 6 |Cash deposits or withdrawals of Rs. 0 lacs and above should be reported by the Branch Manager to the controlling | | |office on a monthly basis, incorporating the above particulars. | |5. 7 |Whenever the depositor/borrower is depositing/withdrawing cash for Rs. 10 lacs and above, which is inconsistent | | |with the normal and expected activity of the customer, the information gathered from/revealed by the client, may | | |be recorded in the Register and reported in the statement. | |5. 8 |Regional Office, on receipt of these statements from the Branches should immediately scrutinize the details | | |thereof. In case any of the transactions prima-facie appears to be dubious or give rise to suspicion, such | | |transactions should be looked into by deputing officials from the Regional Office. If any of the transactions is| | |found to be of suspicious nature, it should be immediately informed to Zonal Manager/General Manager Central | | |Audit Inspection Department, Central Office. | |6 |Combating Financing of Terrorism | | | | |6. |As and when list of individuals and entities approved by Security Council Committee established pursuant to | | |various United Nations’ Security Council Resolutions (UNSCRs) are received from Government of India / Reserve | | |Bank of India, the same are circulated to all the offices with instructions to ensure the consolidated list of | | |individuals and entities as circulated by Reserve Bank of India is updated. The updated list of such | | |individuals/entities can be accessed in the United Nations’ website at | | |http://www. un. org/sc/com mittees/1267/consolist. shtml. Branches are advised that before opening any new account it| | |should be ensured that the name/s of the proposed customer does not appear in the list. Further, branches should | | |scan all existing accounts to ensure that no account is held by or linked to any of the entities or individuals | | |included in the list. Full details of accounts bearing resemblance with any of the individuals/entities in the | | |list should immediately be intimated to Nodal Officer / Principal Officer for onward submission to Reserve Bank | | |of India / FIU-IND. | |6. 2 |In terms of PMLA Rules, suspicious transaction should include inter alia transactions which give rise to a | | |reasonable ground of suspicion that these may involve financing of the activities relating to terrorism. Banks | | |are, therefore, advised to develop suitable mechanism through appropriate policy framework for enhanced | | |monitoring of accounts suspected of having terrorist links and swift identification of the transactions and | | |making suitable reports to the Financial Intelligence Unit – India (FIU-IND) on priority. | |6. 3 |Reserve Bank of India has advised vide their circular dated March 26, 2010 that as per the communication received| | |from the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), the strategic AML / CFT deficient jurisdiction are divided into 3 | | |groups as under : | |6. 3. |Jurisdictions subject to FATF call on its members and other jurisdictions to apply counter measures to protect | | |the international financial system from the ongoing and substantial money laundering and terrorist financing | | |(ML/FT) risks emanating from the jurisdiction : Iran | |6. 3. 2 |Jurisdictions with strategic AML/CFT deficiencies that have not committed to an action plan developed with the | | |FATF to address key deficiencies as of February 2010. The FATF calls on its members to consider the risks | | |arising from the deficiencies associated with each jurisdiction.

Leadership and Management Development Essays

Leadership and Management Development Essays Leadership and Management Development Essay Leadership and Management Development Essay Leadership and Management Development Name: Institution: LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT Introduction Leadership and Management development are important in the successful operation of any organization. This report details several items on my agenda as the new Management and Development programs Director at the NSCA. First, this report will highlight the framework that I will adopt in the new position. It will also suggest the policies I will implement in my new capacity. The report will identify processes crucial for the NSCA’s success, as well. Finally, this report will identify a few programs that this office shall commence. All the strategies that identified in this report are to ensure that the NSCA has the right management, workforce and enough resources, to ensure effective operation. 1.) Leadership Framework A leadership framework dictates that leadership should not be limited to personnel holding traditional leader or management roles. It also states that leadership in an organization is most effective when we divide responsibilities in service delivery. At the NSCA, any staffer can therefore provide leadership. This statement holds for as long as they illustrate appropriate mannerisms. Such mannerisms are empowering the leadership levels of fellow staffers and significant contributions to the leadership process (Hargreaves Fink, 2006). For effective implementation of the leadership framework in this organization, several changes are required. For starters, the workforce needs restructuring. It is my recommendation that; first, personnel be divided into several teams. At the helm will be a team leader/ supervisor. The team leader’s responsibilities include; providing clear direction to the team, allocating work to team members and resolving conflicts within the team satisfactorily. They will also be required to provide the team and its members with a supportive and inclusive environment. Above the team leaders, Managers will be in charge. The managers will have various roles as well. A few are; delegating responsibilities to the team leaders, monitoring team performance and taking necessary action, supporting the teams create and maintain team values, and developing the staff below them. It is my recommendation for the placing of Senior Managers above Managers at the NSCA. This hierarchy will be necessary in limiting overlapping responsibilities. The proposed Senior Managers should hold several responsibilities. First, they should communicate the departmental objectives to the staff and teams below them. They should monitor and review performance of managers and staff under them. Finally, they should be able to act as mentors to the staff. In this role, they will provide specialist guidance and support to the respective department (Steers, Sanchez-Runde Nardon, 2010). At the helm of each department, it is my recommendation that a Director takes charge. Such leaders are ‘Strategic Managers.’ Their main role will be providing effective leadership in their areas of responsibility. They will also be required to create and announce the strategic direction for their areas of jurisdiction. In the organization, they should be able to promote an environment where diversity is highly valued. Strategic managers will be finally required to act as mentors to staff under their leadership. The leadership model identified above describes a distributed or shared model. Everyone in the NSCA has the opportunity to contribute to the leadership process, without necessarily being a leader. This is through the responsibilities described in the Leadership Framework. 2.) Leadership Management Policies The purpose of leadership is to develop vision, commitment, and embracing innovation among staff. Management, on the other hand, develops systems that improve consistency and predictability in service delivery. Effective leadership and management are important due to a variety of factors. First, they enable the organization to carry out its national priorities, successfully. Secondly, they provide learning environments for staff. Such communities are typically safe, ambitious and active. Effective leadership and management enable the organization in developing changes and improvements necessary for perfecting it. Lastly, they enable staff to provide excellent service consistently. The aforementioned policy statement results into several important principles. The first is promotion of leadership at all Organisational levels. This will widen the existing range of experiences and skills, existing in the organization, to all staff. The next principle dictates that; the NSCA will provide a framework for efficient and sustained support in leadership and management to all staff and teams. The organization shall strive to provide a program of support in leadership and management. The aforementioned program requires placing in a structure; understood and implemented by all staff. The prospective Leadership and Management policy ha several outcomes expected out of it. Leaders and managers working within legal, financial and national influences, have several things expected out of them. They are required to uphold and support the strategic vision, values and aims of the National Civil Service Agency (NSCA). They should embrace and grow the team approach, structured into service delivery. Finally, they will be required to nurture sustained development and improvement of staff and the services provided to the Public. To ensure that implementation of the aforementioned statements, each member of staff at the NSCA has responsibilities. These responsibilities are employee responsibilities and managerial responsibilities. Employees have a duty to perform in a professional manner, uphold the Leadership and Management policy statement and to recognize, respect and uphold individual roles and duties in the organization. Managers also have responsibilities to carry out: they will be required to appropriately listen to their employees and peers and act effectively. Managers are required to promote the participation of teams and their members in developmental activities. Finally, they are required to provide direction to the teams under their leadership. 3.) Leadership processes. There are two key leadership processes in existence. For the NSCA’s effectiveness in service delivery, delivery of both needs implementation without fail. The leadership processes include management and vision. Vision describes where leadership begins. It is an image of the future desired by the organization. In short, vision guides the organization’s progress. Management describes the ability to implement objectives, by planning, organizing and effectively employing resources. Management is associated with prudence and preserving limited resources. Managers lacking vision may limit innovation in the organization, while, leaders lacking managerial skill may lose the organization’s resources (Raadschelders, Toonen Meer, 2007). 4.) Leadership and Management Programs To ensure the success of the NSCA in Leadership and Management, several programs need implementation. First, mentorship programs need implementation in the organization. Such a program will enable staff to take part in leadership activities, directly. Managers need to provide them the opportunities to make decisions and see their effects. As a result, employees can manage lower duties, while, managers provide leadership where necessary. Short Leadership and training courses also need to implementation, in partnership with an appropriate higher learning institution. This will enable employees and managers to gain the latest information on effective leadership and management programs. As a result, employees and team leaders will gain fundamental leadership skills suited for their work environments. Managers in turn receive skills necessary in improving the organization’s productivity. 5.) Conclusion Effective leadership is a crucial aspect of public governance. It leads to enhanced management capacity and performance in public institutions such as the NSCA. The carrying out of change in Leadership and Management is paramount. If not, public service organizations will fail in reforming their service delivery. Various studies have found that there is a strong link between effective leadership in public organizations and their performance. It is my desire that full implementation of all strategies mentioned in this report is carried out. References Hargreaves, A., Fink, D. (2006). Sustainable leadership. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Raadschelders, J. C. N., Toonen, T. A. J., Meer, F. M. (2007). The civil service in the 21st century: Comparative perspectives. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Steers, R. M., Sa?nchez-Runde, C., Nardon, L. (2010). Management across cultures: Challenges and strategies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Topss England., HZ Management and Training Consultancy. (2004). Leadership Management. Leeds: Topss England.

Virgil

Memorize Latin From the Aeneid by Vergil/Virgil One technique that may help if you are trying to re-learn Latin is to memorize a chunk of Latin poetry and make it your own. For this purpose, you might want to memorize the first 11 lines of Vergils (or Virgils) Aeneid. Arma virumque cano, Troiae qui primus ab orisItaliam, fato profugus, Laviniaque venitlitora, multum ille et terris iactatus et altovi superum saevae memorem Iunonis ob iram;multa quoque et bello passus, dum conderet urbem,inferretque deos Latio, genus unde Latinum,Albanique patres, atque altae moenia Romae.Musa, mihi causas memora, quo numine laeso,quidve dolens, regina deum tot volvere casusinsignem pietate virum, tot adire laboresimpulerit. Tantaene animis caelestibus irae? Listen to Robert Sonkowsky reading this passage to get a sense of the pronunciation and rhythm of Classical Latin. After you have begun to learn the passage, read a translation and try to make the translation and the Latin go together. What you do with this chunk of Latin is up to you. You may just keep it in mind as a reminder of the word order in Latin – the first clause is â€Å"arms and the man I sing,† with the verb at the end. Or the fact that certain sentences, like the final question, don’t require an expressed verb at all. Or you may keep the whole passage in mind to remember the names, (Juno, Lavinia, Latium, Italia, Troy, and Alba). Or to try to make sense of the early legendary history of Rome. But here is my suggestion. After you have the passage down cold, try writing your own translation into good English. Then try reverse translating back into Latin prose. The purpose is not to do worry too much about the syntax but to see how different your phrase structure is from Vergil’s . If nothing else, this should give you an appreciation for the variety provided by the Latin language. Example: I sing about arms and the manarma et virum ego cano.

Food Cultures and Consumption Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Food Cultures and Consumption - Research Paper Example This food culture is considered a part of the social identity of these people and is a part of their tradition and heritage. Hence, it is important to study the food culture and consumption habits of people while making studies on the human consumption behavior. Symbolic association between food and culture There is a symbolic association between different preparations of food and the consumption habits of people in different cultural background. One more aspect of food is defined by beverages. Beverages form an important part of food in every culture. In many communities, such as in European countries, China and Japan, consumption of wine resembles their cultural heritage of brewing high quality of wine. Wine consumption is itself identified as a separate field of study and scores of researchers have conducted specific research works on wine consumption habits of people. Research works in psychology, sociology as well as anthropology has evidences of mention of wine consumption habi ts of the population. It is deeply instilled within the cultural connotation of the community (Goodman, 2009). Research shows that in almost all communities around the world, traditional meetings, festivals and cultural gatherings reflect the presence of food as a part of festivity or occasion. Food is a key factor in social interactions and acts as an important mechanism for determining relationships among community members (Rijswijk & Frewer, 2008). Often varied communication channels are discovered among nonmembers during discussion over food during snacks breaks, lunch or dinner. However, according to some researchers claim that the food habits of people, although closely associated with their traditional background, are highly affected by the changing nature of the countries under effect of globalization. Irrespective of the current food consumption pattern of the people, it is claimed by researchers that food habit of the population is representative of the population group an d changing food habits are symbolic of the evolving cultures of these communities. New horizons in marketing opportunities In this era of globalization, the effect of the culture and practices of the western society has spread to almost all the countries. In developing countries of Asia and Africa, westernization has affected the growth pattern of these countries. This shows that the growth process embraces the practices of the western countries of the USA and the countries of the European continent. This implicates that there is a strong relation between the growth of a society and their food habits. Companies all around the globe are utilizing this opportunity to expand their services, add new products to their portfolios and capture new markets within the country as well as internationally. In social functions or business meetings, people often discuss and sort out business issues or even establish new contracts. In this scenario, food habits play a major role in developing and a ugmenting contacts. Marketers can enhance the business activities of their companies by intervening into the food consumption pattern of people. Two distinct cultures are visible in this context, association of food and wine and between food and beer. Research works show that the food and beer are not as popular among different communities as food and wine. There is a perceived

433Mod4SLP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

433Mod4SLP - Essay Example A common example of HCI which I experienced is GPS navigation system. This has proved to be beneficial for me as I often plan trips where locating my destination becomes important. The navigation system is a prominent example of human computer interaction approach (Wasson, 2006). My personal experience with this application has been good as it was completely a user friendly technology. I just had to enter my location and my destination and the system was so designed that it gave me the entire route map to reach the destination. The usability factor is a matter of concern as proper interaction would be only possible if users find it easy to operate on such application. Similarly I found the navigation system based on HCI approach possess high usability. When the application was installed in my mobile I was keen towards learning its facilities (Kirlik, 2006). It was designed in such comprehensive manner that before going to the main page the application introduced the user with a live example on how to operate such application. This proved to be helpful for me as I could identify the required steps which I need to take to locate my destination. On the contrary I feel that certain HCI applications are difficult to understand. Like for instance my brother installed a computer gaming software in my laptop and I was not able to operate that properly (Jaimes and Sebe, 2007). It comprised of some complicated instructions which a user cannot understand if he or she does not have some technical knowledge. This in turn I feel reduces the usability of a HCI application. I have noticed that in some organizations there are user friendly applications implemented in the system but there are certain programs which require some theoretical knowledge. However usability is an important factor when it comes to HCI and its applications. HCI is all about effective communication between machine and human and I think that this can be only possible if technological